Years ago I wrote the following in one of my articles. It might help. Dawn is simply a very good household detergent that cleans many surfaces and removes many types of soil very well.
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CLEANING CHEMICALS
The car care industry is full of chemicals for cleaning. There is no such thing as a do-it-all cleaner (no matter what you saw on some crazy infomercial!). It simply does not exist. Detailing chemicals are mixtures of different ingredients formulated to do a particular job. The most common chemical functions include surfactants, solvents, wetting agents, saponifiers and chelators.
The word surfactant is a fancy, two-bit term for any soap or detergent. Surfactant molecules are created with two compounds. One molecule is attracted to the soil itself, where the other is attracted to water. The chemical compound that’s attracted to water is called a hydrophile. Its job is to surround the soil. Likewise, the chemical compound that’s attracted to soil is called a hydrophobe. Its job is to break soil into smaller pieces so it can be surrounded by the hydrophile to be floated away.
Every cleaner needs a solvent to dissolve soil. The most common solvent is one you might not even think of: water. Some solvents, such as mineral spirits, work great on petroleum soils (like tar and grease) and may be necessary on surfaces that might be damaged by water. Other solvents that are common in car care chemicals include d-limonene (made from orange and lemon peels) and butyl. Although expensive, d-limonene is a safe solvent to use throughout the car.
Chemists modify the hydrophile and hydrophobe molecules to change the characteristics of a surfactant. For example, a surfactant that is a good detergent (detergents break a soil’s bond to a surface) will not be a good penetrating agent. Penetrating and wetting allows water to surround soil so it can be removed. As you might have now surmised, the chemist can improve the performance of a good detergent surfactant by including a second surfactant that has good wetting and penetrating qualities.
Did you know that animal fat is used in the manufacturing of soaps? Boil some pig fat, add a handful of lye, and you can make a bar of soap. The same chemical process that makes soap can be used to remove fats and oils. Chemists use agents called saponifiers (basically a strong alkaline substance) to convert fats and oils into soap. Once transformed to soap, fats and oils can be washed away with water.
Speaking of soap, have you ever noticed how much better soap does in soft water? If you’re used to hard water conditions, using a bar of soap in soft water feels much different. Hard water, which is any water that contains high concentrations of calcium, iron, magnesium and other minerals, thwarts the cleaning ability of a chemical. This is because the cleaner reacts to the minerals in hard water as soil, which uses up the cleaning agents.
To combat this problem, chemists add chelating agents to their cleaners to bind the minerals so the cleaner can go after the real soil. This is why some car wash shampoos seem to hold the suds longer than others. Good suds have very little to do with how much car shampoo you use.