User Name- This has to be pretty frustrating! A long list of sorta-random thoughts follows:
[Note that I've never used DG151, know nothing at all about it..]
There's a good chance that the neglected paint is porous/full of micro fissures. I dunno if it'd still be oxidized after the DG151, but that really could be. It can be tricky to judge the true condition of white paint.
Oxidation/etc. will make it easy for contamination to do a number on the wax/etc.
If it *is* single stage, then the above stuff is even more likely. And most single stage white paint is *HARD*.
The stains look like the kind of [stuff] that's normal in the winter. If my above guesses are true, the contamination was simply able to eat into the 476S to a significant degree.
That sort of [stuff] is hard to clean off without mechanical agitation; the pressure-washer wasn't able to do the job and might've even driven the contamination deeper into the LSP/paint (that last bit might not be valid).
One coat of 476S might not offer sufficient protection for a vehicle that takes a lot of abuse/neglect, especially this time of year. The contamination common in your area (thinking about all the other issues you've had with LSP durability) sounds pretty nasty, and when it sits on a vehicle for a while it might do some damage pretty quickly.
The preceding is even more likely if the paint is oxidized and/or has a lot of the micro-fissures.
If you failed to completely buff off the DG151 and/or the 476S, that could lead to issues (again, thinking that this is a white vehicle, might be hard to see what's going on).
If I were in your shoes, I'd repolish it with M106/4" orange. I'd probably do another polishing with a milder product too. Examine the paint carefully, it should be very smooth at this point. Then do the DG151, buffing it off carefully. Then (if you have it) 845. Wait until the next day and apply 476S over the 845. Make absolutely sure you get all the product residue off.
Try to wash the car again in a week or so, no pressure-washer, just the best conventional wash you can do. With any luck it'll turn out OK and at that point I reapply the 476S.
If it still has similar problems you can probably blame it on compromised paint. But I've had vehicles with *REALLY* trashed paint that I was able to keep pretty nice even though I did have to do them more frequently than vehicles with better-condition paint.
In cases of compromised single stage, BigJimZ28 is spot-on, the Meguiar's Trade Secret Oils can be very beneficial. I might use #80 instead of the DG for that reason. IF it's *not* single stage, eh...either oughta work but I'd probably lean towards the #80 just because I know it.
E.g., this reminds me of the '87 Benz 300SE service loaner I became enamoured of. Real POS on its last legs (>250K miles) but I liked the old thing...I detailed it up and used 476S. I was shocked that it got terrible stains from tree leaves and that the 476S seemed to fail quite quickly. I had to redo it twice in the ~6 weeks I had it (total of *three* waxings with 476S). Best I could tell the trashed paint was the culprit. Sorta like your analogy of the shirt soaking up a wine stain.