One of the BIGGEST problems is the municipalities road crews are using beet juice as binder for salt or calcium (or magnesium) chloride for de-icing roads.Beet juice binder is nearly impossible to remove by just a pressure wash or a tunnel car wash. It must (almost) be mechanically (IE, physically contacting) removed via a hand wash medium (sponge/chenille microfiber/sheepskin mitt/boar`s hair brush) .I`ve wiped my vehicle down after going though a touch-less tunnel wash and the microfiber towel is so dirty grey/black that I know this de-icing binder redsidue has been left behind.Calcium chloride is the de-icer of choice on overpasses and bridges (any elevated roadway) because it works at -20°F where salt may be effective at only 10°F where black ice can easily form.Calcium chloride is almost twice as corrosive as salt (sodium chloride).
On the subject of leaving salt residue on or taking it off your car is really dependent on outside ambient temperature (or ambient room temperature of your garage or storage shed). Heated garages are the worst for winter driven cars with salt. Corrosion accelerates (forms) as ambient temperatures increase. Melting snow-and-salt in a heated 55°F-kept garage will cause a car to rust much quicker that a car that is kept in an unheated garage when outside ambient temperatures are below 0°F and the garage is at about 10°F. Now if the owner of the heated garage would flush (pressure wash) the underside and wheel wheels of their vehicle in the garage after driving it on de-iced roads, that`s a whole different story, but how many owners (unless they are Autopian OCD`ers) really do this.Car WILL rust through eventually IF driven for any length of time on salted (or de-iced) roads in the winter, despite the best efforts of the vehicle owner.
I have formed this observation from living in Wisconsin my entire live and seeing vehicles driven many years in our torrid winters. 4WD Trucks (pick-ups) and AWD SUVs (the vehicles of choice in Wisconsin winters) are notorious for this. Washing them is near-impossible in below 0°F weather, and even those that are somewhat well-maintained and washed with some regularity will succumb to panel rust from road de-icing salt.
Yes, get the salt off of your vehicle when you can in the winter, but know you are fighting a loosing battle. Eventually the rust will win. (Now, undercoating and/or rust-proofing a vehicle, that`s another thread topic)
Edit: The city of Green Bay WI did try an "experiment" many years ago to reduce the use of road salt to save money in winter snow removal budget by using sand to replace salt (I think it was a year when road salt was in short supply and cost had doubled from the previous year). There were SO MANY car accidents at corners and city residents complained bitterly to the city council that this "experiment" was dropped and the use of road salt re-instated, despite the (very) high cost. We (Wisconsin residents) have come to compromise having safer de-iced roads from road salt with sacrificing and allowing our vehicle to rust.