The numbers stand for grit on the sandpaper (ex how much cutting power it has) the high the number the lower the abrasive level.
2000, even 1500 grit wet/dry sand paper is used for final finishing of painted surfaces. Meguiar's even has a 3000 grit sandpaper grade.
Hmm, I think the sandpaper companies get the grit number by counting how much sanding media is sprayed or appied into one specific measured area. I would place it like this, how many small sand particles do you put in one area, the higher the number the smoother it will be making a finer finish.
Hope this makes sense,
Jason
PS, just got to Home Depot or Lowe's and feel 120 grit-220 grit sand paper, then head to Walmart and feel 3M's 2000 grit sand paper....