Okay, judging purely from your questions, I think I see what happened to you, which was two things.
1) You were using the cutting pad. That pad combo is made by Lake Country, orange being the most aggressive, and black being the least aggressive.
2) You had the PC on too low of a setting, and probably didn't work it anywhere near long enough for it to break down at that slow speed.
Here's what to do:
Use the white pad, which is your polishing pad and mist it with water before you do anything. Take your #80 and put
a nice blob, circle, x, or whatever design you want and smear it around the pad using your fingers. This is called priming the pad and will hep reduce initial marring from a dry pad.
Once you get the pad primed with some polish, start polishing no more than a 2 foot by 2 foot area at a time. Start off on speed 4 just to allow the pad to prime some more, adding polish to the pad as needed. You can tell you need more if the polish disappears on the surface. Don't polish a dry surface.
After a minute or two, the pad should be plenty primed and you should have enough product on the pad to polish an area for a few minutes before it starts to dry on you. Once you get here, you can crank up the speed on your PC to 5, and polish away. I like to stay on speed 5 because it gives you a little bit longer working time than using 6, but you will encounter some stubborn areas that will need the higher speed.
Polish the area very slowly using overlapping passes. You shouldn't be moving the machine all over the place, but using steady, slow, consistent motions. I like to do front to back passes, and then side to side passes. If you correspond the time used to make these passes with the right amount of product, you should finish a full pass at the same time as running out of product.
Once this is completely done, you can then move to your AIO, again with a white pad and follow the same procedure.
If after #80, you still see some scratches or defects, don't be afraid to polish those areas again. Sometimes it takes several very slow passes to get the job done.