Bonds
This should cover most bonds (other than James)
[: Chemical bond, the physical phenomenon of chemical substances being held together by attraction of atoms]
A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds. The explanation of the attractive forces is a complex area that is described by the laws of quantum electrodynamics.
Chemical Engineers usually rely on quantum theory or qualitative descriptions that are less rigorous but more easily explained to describe chemical bonding (i.e. describing a Covalent bond as molecules bonding together as a ?molecular? bond) In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. Molecules, crystals, and diatomic gases; indeed most of the physical environment around us?are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure of matter.
A polymer will form a strong bond with another clean polymer (urethane paint) surface; it will not bond well with metal. Bonds vary widely in their strength; generally Covalent and ionic bonds are often described as strong, whereas hydrogen bonds and van der Waals' type bonds are generally considered to be weak.
The majority (70%) of a polymer matrix cross-linking cycle occurs within 30 ? 45 minutes of its initial wipe-on application drying; however it is recommended that a period of 12 - 24 hours is allowed for the cross-linking process to complete, otherwise polymerization and durability may be compromised
Although it should be noted that surface oils or silicone and / or moisture introduced before the cross-linking process is complete will interfere with the bonding of a polymer and will negatively affect its durability (
See also Polymer Catalyzing Additives)
Covalent - bonding is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or sometimes between atoms and other covalent bonds. Bonding within most organic compounds are described as covalent bonds
Cross-linking - cross-links are covalent bonds linking one polymer molecular chain to another. Cross linking tends to increase strength and toughness, cross-linking consists of the formation of chemical bonds between chains. Cross-linking has the effect of changing a plastic from thermoplastic to thermosetting. Thus, it also increases strength, heat and electrical resistance, and especially resistance to detergents, solvents and other chemicals. They are a characteristic property of thermosetting polymer materials. A unique aspect of polyurethane chemistry is that the hydrogen bonding acts as an additional crosslink
Curing - is a term in polymer chemistry that refers to the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains, brought about by chemical additives
Cationic- these types of compounds can range in reactivity, but most are fairly reactive. A catatonic bond means that a bond is formed but the material does not change (i.e. a polymer forms a molecular bond by cross-linking and in the process changes from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting polymer.
Inter Covalent Bonding - there are four basic types of bonds that can be formed between two or more (otherwise non-associated) molecules, ions or atoms. Inter covalent forces cause molecules to be attracted or repulsed by each other. Often, these define some of the physical characteristics (such as the melting point) of a substance.
Ionic bond (or electrovalent bond) - is a type of chemical bond based on electrostatic forces between two oppositely-charged ions. In ionic bond formation, a metal donates an electron, due to low electro negativity to for m a positive ion or cation. In ordinary table salt (NaCl), the bonds between the sodium and chloride ions are ionic bonds.
Molecular ? bonding is the forming of a covalent bond, I use the word ?molecular? to describe the linking of molecules to form a bond; hence molecular bond. Polymers form a molecular bond with the paint substrate and then shrink to form a strong physical bond
Surface Tension - instantaneous dipoles to induced dipole, or van der Waals forces, are the weakest, but also the most prolific, occurring between all chemical substances
Van der Waals - the van der Waals equation is an equation of state that can be derived from a special form of the potential between a pair of molecules (intermolecular) In physical chemistry, the van der Waals force (or van der Waals interaction), named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, is the attractive or repulsive force between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) other than those due to covalent bonds or to the electrostatic interaction of ions with one another or with neutral molecules.[1]
[:
Van der Waals forces include attractions between atoms, molecules, and surfaces. They differ from covalent and ionic bonding in that they are caused by correlations in the fluctuating polarizations of nearby particles (a consequence of quantum dynamics] [1]
Exceptions to Organic and Non-Organic Bonding
This is an example of how formulators can manipulate polymers, here are two products, and there may be others-
Danase Wet Glaze - a pure gloss enhancer (i.e. non-abrasive and with a low solvent content); it?s formulated with acrylic polymers, these polymers allow it to adhere to a wax without any issues or form a molecular bond with a polymer sealant
Zaino Clear Seal (Z-CS) - is a polymer product that will bond to a wax or oil-based product, ZCS is just a clear glossy layer without much of a look of its own (but locks in the look underneath it)
As technology continues to evolve and change the market of premium detailing products, the gap between Organic and Non-Organic car care product qualities and aesthetics lessens
An extract from one of a series of unbiased Detailing Technical Papers, a library of educational materials that has become the #1 reference for car care on the Internet
I more than appreciate these articles are very technical in content and therefore will not appeal to every detailers level of knowledge or experience. But chances are you'll learn something about detailing if you read any of these.
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