Lighting Measurements



The total amount of light output from a source that falls onto its subject is measured in candela or foot-candles; this is used for general area lighting. What Detailers are more interested in is Lumens (lm), the amount of visible light emitted by a light source. The higher the lumens rating, the brighter the light will appear (an excess will cause glare)



Reference lighting source-Sunlight, Colour Temperature – 5000 – 6500.0K, Optical Colour- Blue/White, CPI 90 %



Lumen (luminous flux) - is a measure of the power of light perceived by the human eye (A 23 watt compact fluorescent lamp emits about 1500–1600 lumen (lm).



Candela - if a light source emits one candela of luminous intensity uniformly across a solid angle of one steradian, the total luminous flux emitted into that angle is one lumen, alternatively, an isotropic one-candela light-source emits a total luminous flux of exactly 4π lumens.

Colour rendering index (CRI) - A scale of the effect of a light source on the colour appearance of an object compared to its colour appearance under a reference light source. Expressed on a scale of 1 to 100



Colour temperature - describes the colour of a light source by comparing it to the colour of a blackbody radiator at a given temperature

Foot-candle - is how bright the light is one foot away from the source. A lumen is a way of measuring how much light gets to what you want to light (a lumen is equal to one foot-candle falling on one square foot of area).



I luminance- is the intensity or degree to which something is illuminated and is therefore not the amount of light produced by the light source.



Detailing Bay



Twelve-foot (12`) ceilings and a ten-foot (10`) door opening should accommodate most vehicles. Two twenty-five by twelve foot (25’ x 12’) bays and a twelve by thirty foot (12’ x 30’) office/storage space for supplies, this will enable one dry and one wet, one should have a floor drain with holding tank and one should house a forty eight inch (48”) scissor lift.



Walls: Interior Acrylic enamels with a low lustre sheen (Reflects well but not blinding) and provides a very durable/ washable surface finish over a good quality primer.



Floors: Fill in any cracks and remove old paint etc, etch concrete surface with muriatic acid before applying two (2) coats minimum



Wall Base Moulding: To seal the floor/wall and provide a practical waterproof finish (apply to wall with tape



Power: Dedicated 20 amp circuits (with GFI) for the Air compressor, pressure washer, and carpet extractor, with overhead retractable power outlets for polishers and buffers. 220 volt circuit as necessary



Lighting: Lighting: a combination of T8 florescent (general lighting) mount them overhead and angled on the side walls; use a separate light switch so you can turn these off when using surface inspection lights and halogens (spotting blemishes) on the walls spaced at approximately 36" centres, with 1000 watt twin halogens as for closer spot inspection.



Lighting levels of 100-foot candles at workbench height (42” from finished floor) recommend metal halide lights (175W -4250-5000 0 K, IT provides a ‘warm’ bright white light) over each detailing bay plus incandescent lighting on separate switch as metal halides have a delayed start, plus Daylight (Windows/skylights) if possible



Light output reduces from its source by an inverse square law; the table shows that fluorescent or incandescent lighting is more suitable for general lighting. Light output is measured in lumens, a typical 100W bulb produces 1700, a 175W metal halide bulb 14,000. The lighting available at the source is measured in foot-candles- Philips TBW632EB2-8 6-Light T8 Fluorescent High Bay 120-277V Lamps Included - ProLighting.com





Lighting Ceiling Height

Type 9 feet / 12 feet

• HID 175W 56 / 48 FC (Foot candles at a 42” workbench height)

• Fluorescent 15 / 10

• Incandescent 100W 6 / 3



T-8 colour rendition (CRI) values are much higher than Metal Halide so colours appear much more natural. When a lamp reaches end of life the other lamps will continue to burn so that the fixture continues to produce light until the old bulb can be changed. Uses (6) F32T8 Lamps (5100K Included) Ballast: Voltage Sensing Compact T8 Electronic Ballast



Colour temperature



Describes the colour of a light source by comparing it to the colour of a blackbody radiator at a given temperature For example, the colour appearance of a halogen lamp is similar to a blackbody radiator heated to about 3000 degrees Kelvin. Therefore it is said that the halogen lamp has a colour temperature of 3000 degrees K- that is considered to be a warm colour temperature. The hotter the blackbody, the cooler the colour temperature! (Note: the Kelvin temperature scale uses the same size degree as the centigrade scale, but its zero point is at absolute zero or -273 degrees C). Sunlight can be "warm" or "cool" depending on the time of day and the ambient conditions.



Warm = 2-3,000K, Mid-range = 3-4,000k, Cool = 4,000k +



Lighting Colour Temperature Optical Colour CPI%

Sunlight- 5000 – 6500oK Blue / White 90



HID- 4500 – 6000 White

Halogen- 3000 – 3200 White / Yellow

Fluorescent- 2500 – 3000 Yellow

Incandescent- 2800 – 2900 Red



Colour rendering index (CRI)



A scale of the effect of a light source on the colour appearance of an object compared to its colour appearance under a reference light source. Expressed on a scale of 1 to 100, where 100 indicates no colour shift, a low CRI rating suggests that the colours of objects will appear unnatural under that particular light source. CRI is a unit of measure that defines how well colours are rendered by different illumination conditions in comparison to a standard (i.e. a thermal radiator or daylight). CRI is calculated on a scale from 1-100 where a CRI of 100 would represent that all colour samples illuminated by a light source in question would appear to have the same colour as those same samples illuminated by a reference source.



A low CRI causes colours to appear washed out and perhaps even take on a different hue, and high CRI (sunlight 90% CRI) makes all colours look natural and vibrant



Four Twin Tube Florescent Light



Some fluorescent tubes throw a quite accurately coloured light while others are absolutely ghastly, in an attempt to chart which are better than the others, they came up with a scale called the "Colour Rendering Index", with a score closer to 100 the better.



Well that is the theory anyhow where it breaks down is they only compare tubes of the same colour temperature. A "F40T12/DX" (6500K - CRI -84%) is not a better colour than a "F40CW" (4100K - CRI -62%) because they`re different colours they can`t be compared by CRI, but a "F32T8/830" (3000K - CRI -86%) is a better colour than a "F32T8/730" (3000K - CRI -78%) seeing these two are the same colour (3000K) they can be compared by CRI



High Intensity Discharge (HID) lighting



High Intensity Discharge lighting technology replaces the filament of the light bulb with a capsule of gas. The light is emitted from an arc discharge between two closely spaced electrodes hermetically sealed inside a small quartz glass tubular envelope capsule. To operate, they require ballasts, which supply proper voltage and control current.



The amount of light produced is greater than a standard halogen bulb, while consuming less power, and more closely approximating the colour temperature of natural daylight.



In all High Intensity Discharge lamps, passing a current through a metal vapour produces light. Free electrons colliding with an atom in the vapour momentarily knock an electron into a higher orbit of the atom.



When the displaced electron falls back to its former level, a quantum of radiation is emitted. The wavelength of radiation depends on the energy zone of the disturbed electron and on the type of metal vapour used in the arc tube.



Although it produces 5% of its output when first ignited, the High Intensity Discharge light requires a few seconds (usually 15-20) to come up to full output. Also, if power to the lamp is lost or turned off, the arc tube must cool to a given temperature before the arc can be re-struck and light produced.



Due to its lower power consumption, High Intensity Discharge bulbs contribute to saving energy and are thus more environmentally friendly than halogen bulbs.



High Intensity Discharge lighting technology replaces the filament of the light bulb with a capsule of gas. The light is emitted from an arc discharge between two closely spaced electrodes hermetically sealed inside a small quartz glass tubular envelope capsule. To operate, they require ballasts, which supply proper voltage and control current.



The amount of light produced is greater than a standard halogen bulb, while consuming less power, and more closely approximating the colour temperature of natural daylight. The light produced by HID lamps has a colour temperature in the range of 4700-6500K, putting it in the same range as the sun. For a comparison, halogen lamps normally operate in the 3000-3200K range and incandescent lamps in the 2800-2900K range.



In visible terms, the lower the colour temperature the more red or yellow the light, and the higher the temperature the whiter the light and more realistic the visualization of colour and contrast. The 4700-6500K-colour temperature of the HID`s is a whiter "cooler" light that more clearly reproduces the full range of colours. Due to its lower power consumption, High Intensity Discharge bulbs contribute to saving energy and are thus more environmentally friendly than halogen bulbs.



Moveable Metal Halide Light



An alternative that gives brighter clearer light and runs at just 150watts so you can use them close to the job Not only this they will run easily from a generator as well as your polisher and are free standing. These metal halide lights give a clear white light that shows up imperfections even in daylight without affecting the colour –The Polishing Company



Tooluxe 130 LED Rechargeable cordless work light t with Stand -130 individual pure white, super-bright LEDs eliminate shadows without blinding glare, illuminate your work area with this rechargeable cordless LED work light



130 LED lights lasting for more than 100,000 hours; 3.5 hours continuous use with one charge Generate high light output with low energy consumption and minimal heat with LED lights both 110V AC and 12V DC car chargers included; built-in overcharge and low battery protection - Amazon



Paint Surface Inspection



Inspect your work under full sunlight or purpose-made paint inspection lamps; holograms, fine marring hooks, etc. are very difficult to see under man made light. There`s nothing more frustrating than having to strip off your LSP and re-do. General lighting - double head with 2-300W halogen bulbs in each



1. Brinkmann Maxfire LED/Xenon Rechargeable Spotlight - highly efficient, finely focused lens casts a 40-ft. beam of far-reaching light. Fish-eye-shaped lens focuses the light from the single white LED bulb into a bright, consistent beam; no dark spot in the beam`s centre, the LED bulb is nearly indestructible and draws very little power, greatly extending battery life; runs on two AA batteries, included, a tough ABS plastic is armoured with thick, no-slip rubber grips Push-button on/off switch inset in the back cap



Brinkmann



The Brinkmann Corporation, 4215 McEwen Road, Dallas, TX 75244 - (800) 527-0717



2. 3M™ PPS™ SUN GUN™ Colour Matching Light - the Kelvin rating on the bulb is 4700.0 K Kelvin .The Lux (light intensity) rating standard mode - 1416.7, high intensity mode - 2968.8 and can be used throughout the refinish process, the percentage of light vs. natural day light is CRI (Colour Rendering Index) = 99.35%: identify paint defects such as swirl marks, burn through, sand scratches, etc., which will reduce the chance of costly re-work- TCP Global - Color Matching Light Kit or Autobarn - Brinkmann MaxFire Dual Xenon Rechargeable Spotlight - BKM800-2200



3. Infratech CM5300 – Colour Matcher - this light is a great alternative to the 3M Sun Gun. Runs on mains electricity not batteries, a must have tool and it’s also an inexpensive investment. High Colour Temperature 5300K Duplicates Natural sunlight under any condition, high power 70 Watts, large coverage area, hand held lightweight, momentary "On/Off" switch, identify pre-or-post paint correction / renovation defects, eliminate re-doing or call-backs – http//:Infratech - World Leader in Infrared Heating Technology and Products http://www.detailersdomain.com/lighting.aspx



4. Fenix Gear TK11 R2 - a powerful, solid, durable, and waterproof design, which can use either two CR123A batteries (primary or li-ion) or one rechargeable 18650 battery with a protective circuit, and it maintains excellent constant brightness with two output modes. This TK11 features Cree`s new R2 LED, which boasts better efficiency for higher output per mode. Digitally regulated output - maintains constant brightness



5. The Fenix TK45 flashlight features three lighting heads with an output of 760 lumens, utilizing three Cree CP-5 R5LED, which are. Energy efficient lamps



6. Veho VMS004DELUXE USB Powered Microscope – would allow a closer look at paint defects



Dark Field Micro Inspection



Since concourse cars are judged solely on the way light reflects from their surfaces this is what really determines the appearance of a car, so you should inspect it under all possible lighting conditions.



For a surface to be optically near ‘perfect’ it should be free of all surface imperfections. The surface should be viewed very closely and from all possible angles. Start by looking at the surface in a darkened room, once your eyes have fully dilated, turn on a bright Halogen light beam. Direct the beam away from you and at a low angle and from various directions (you’ll be able to see even the most minor paint film surface imperfection) this is 100X more sensitive than viewing a vehicles paint film surface in normal light.



This viewing technique is an adaptation of “Dark field microscopy” used in many scientific fields. Direct or cloudy sunlight, shaded, low-angled, directly overhead or light reflected from other surfaces, or the type of artificial light the surface is viewed under can all influence what surface imperfections can or cannot be seen