Noting that I`d do some careful experimenting like that if it were mine too, note that b/c paint is pretty much terminal long before you actually hit basecoat. You need a *thick* layer of clear on there if only for the UV protection, especially with red (which can fade to pink under thin clearcoat).
I`ve had that "sorta like solvent-pop, but probably not really that" type of pitting myself! Never got better with polishing, and in one case I simply sold the car as a repaint wasn`t in the cards
Hope you`re luckier, or at least less fanatical about what`s acceptable, than I was.
Just FWIW, if it were mine I`d start with a thorough chemical decontamination. If it`s some kind of acidic fallout from the battery factory it may well need to be neutralized to truly stop its progression.
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