togwt
07-20-2011, 04:39 AM
[: electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than x-rays, in the range 10 nm to 400 nm, and energies from 3 eV to 124 eV. It is so named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the colour violet] [1]
Comprises both visible (UV-B) light and invisible (IR) infrared heat radiation, which represents part of the ultra violet solar spectrum (approximately 55%-60%). Organic (Carnauba) waxes or inorganic (polymer sealants or coatings) contrary to marketing myth do not contain natural ultra violet protection. Dependent on reflective value of the paint colour; surface reflection will provide some UV radiation protection along with some sacrificial protection as the wax or polymers breakdown.
The sun emits ultraviolet radiation in the (UV-A) long wave length (UV-B) medium wave length and (UV-C) short t wave length bands. The Earth`s ozone layer blocks 97-99% of this UV radiation from penetrating through the atmosphere. 98% of the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth`s surface is (UV-A) some of the (UV-B) and (UV-C) radiation is responsible for the generation of the ozone layer. Ultra violet (UV-B) radiation is known to contribute to the chemical modification of exposed paint surfaces resulting in loss of gloss, colour change, chalking, flaking and eventually destruction of the clear coat paint film.
The amounts of UV one is exposed to will vary with altitude. As a rule of thumb, UV levels increase about 4% for every 1,000 foot gain in altitude. This increase has nothing to do with being closer to the sun; any elevation you might gain would be miniscule in comparison to the distance from the earth to the sun, and so would have an insignificant outcome on UV levels. Instead, the increase is the result of a thinner atmosphere with a smaller number of molecules being present to absorb or scatter UV radiation.
Ultra violet radiation (UV-B) and environmental contaminant exposure leads to gloss and colour instability (photo degradation or photo-oxidation) and surface stains. But before UV light can cause harm, it must first be absorbed. If it is not turned into heat or transferred to a nearby stabilizer molecule called a quencher, it breaks weak chemical bonds. This is the beginning of UV damage. Some materials absorb UV radiation more readily than other materials. Materials that readily absorb (UV-B) radiation are quickly damaged...rubber, vinyls, gel coat fibreglass, and many other plastics.
When (UV-B) radiation is absorbed, it starts to break (cleave) weak chemical bonds, which leads to photochemical degradation (bleaching, (fading), discoloration, chalking, brittleness and cracking) all indications of UV deterioration. The bond cleavages resulting from UV absorption cause the formation of “radicals.” Each free radical can trigger a chain of reactions (in the presence of air), leading to more bond cleavages and destruction. These oxidising chain reactions require no further UV exposure, just the presence of air.
UV Radiation Protection Provided by Auto Glass
Glass tinting and UV film protection are important ways to reduce exposure to UV radiation, which are the primary focus of the glass tinting and film tinting industry.
While a car provides substantial shading, the glass areas do not block UV. And, as it is not uncommon to spend several hours a day in a car, the implications for skin problems are high. Further, damage to eyes from glare and direct UV increases the more people drive.
American federal laws on auto glass are based on visible light transmission. They allow only for a vehicle`s driver side and passenger side windows to be tinted up to 70% visual light transmission (VLT), which is also the normal factory tint found on most new cars. The focus on visible light transmission is driven by safety issues. The tint can be reflective which is dangerous to other drivers and/or can be dark to see through at night. If you do tint your car windows, you want to minimize UV transmission through the glass while allowing 70% or more visible light transmission.
Modern cars are being designed with inherent protection features, oordinary car window glass filters out about 97% of the (UV-B) radiation, the cause of photosynthesis (fading) and approximately 37% of (IR) infra red (heat) radiation, modern clear coat paint also contains UV inhibitors.
New car owners mistakenly believe their new vehicle cannot be damaged by sun exposure. Due to the ozone layer depletion (global warming) in our atmosphere, UV radiation strength is increasing. Protecting your vehicle from UV radiation damage continues to be a very important.
An organic wax, contrary to popular opinion, or marketing, does not contain natural UV protection; the wax protects the leaves due to its thickness and the fact that it’s opaque. It does however provide a sacrificial surface that will resist acid (salt brine, bird excrement, acidic rain, etc) better than a polymer, which forms a molecular bond with the paint, whereas a an organic wax forms a semi-hard protective shell (although it lacks durability)
The following are things you can do to provide protection-
• Use a polymer paint sealant product on your car several times each year. A carnauba wax, contrary to popular myth (or is it marketing BS) doesn’t contain inbuilt UV protection. This sacrificial protections effectiveness lasts for no more than 2-3 months.
• Use a vinyl and rubber protectant with UV inhibitors on all exterior vinyl and rubber twice a month.
• Protect fabric and leather upholstery and carpet (especially in a roadster) with a UV and stain blocker treatment twice a year.
• Use a sun shield in your windshield when parked outside.
• Cover your car when parked outside for extended periods.
Auto Sunshield – an ultra violet radiation shield perfectly fit your cars inside windshield to reduce heat build-up when parking in the sun. Each shield features an outer layer of reflective silver fabric sewn over a layer of heat insulating foam. The inside layer and all edges are soft felt to protect your car`s interior. Simply unfold, place against the windshield and pull down your car`s sun visors to hold the shield in place. When removed, the multiple panels’ accordion folds for easy storage
These simple measures will ensure your vehicle`s appearance has a chance of remaining in excellent condition for ten or more years. If you take no precautions, its appearance will noticeably deteriorate in less than five years
1. Infrared Radiation (IR)
Invisible infrared radiation (IR) represents part of the ultra violet solar spectrum (approximately 55%-60%)that will cause oxidation by drying out materials, like the paint (binder) resin system, the plasticizers in vinyl, moisture evaporation of leather and the elasticity of rubber causing these materials to dry out and become brittle and compromise their structural integrity
Dependent upon interior colour - at a 90.oF ambient; with a (Light) 104 - 135.oF or (Dark) 220 – 275.oF interior
Steering wheel – 160.oF - Dashboard 182.oF - Seats 165.oF (dependent upon colour and material) actual results may vary depending on time in sun, size of windows and direction of the suns Azimuth and the angle relevant to it that the car is parked.
Heat alone will not cause photo degradation (fading) although it will dry the resin (binder system) in paint; leading to oxidation. It will also dry out the oils and plasticizers in vinyl and other materials. It will dehydrate leather and may lead to structural damage (this is especially relevant to open top convertibles)
Modern cars are being designed with inherent protection features, ordinary car window glass filters out about 97% of the (UV-B) radiation, the cause of photo degradation (fading) and approximately 37% of (IR) infra red (heat) radiation, modern clear coat paint also contains UV inhibitors.
New car owners mistakenly believe their new vehicle cannot be damaged by sun exposure. Due to the ozone layer depletion (global warming) in our atmosphere, UV radiation strength is increasing. Protecting your vehicle from UV radiation damage continues to be a very important.
2. Ultra violet radiation (UV-B)
Short wave ultraviolet light (UV-B) is known to contribute to the chemical modification, photosensitise (fading) of outdoor exposed materials, resulting structural damage, loss of gloss, colour change, chalking, flaking and along with infrared heat radiation (UV-A) eventually the destruction of the clear coat paint film. Vehicle surfaces are also exposed to moisture, in the form of dew, with cycles of hot condensing humidity, which produce both thermal shock and erosion.
Ultra violet stabilizer - Ultra violet light (UV-B) radiation and environmental contaminant exposure leads to photo degradation of materials and surface staining. But before UV light can cause harm, it must first be absorbed. If it is not turned into heat or transferred to a nearby stabilizer molecule called a quencher, it breaks weak chemical bonds. This is the beginning of UV damage. Some materials absorb UV light more readily than other materials.
Be cognizant that ultra violet heat (UV-A) radiation can also affect the structural integrity of materials by drying out and therefore removing their elasticity and causing structural damage (cracking).
UV Protection
There is no such thing as a permanent UV stabilizer, it a matter of physics, not chemistry. Ultra violet protection is a sacrificial and therefore a renewable protection; this is due to the UV protection layer being degraded by exposure to the elements (sun, sand, road or sea salt, and etc) so it is imperative that you renew it and it needs to be re-applied on a regular 45 to 60 day basis (dependent upon location climatic condition)
Among the inorganic pigments, TiO2white is, by far, the most important one. The photo catalytic activity of TiO2leads to a rapid degradation of the organic binder matrix, so the surface of the TiO2particles has to be covered by an inorganic coating to prevent the matrix from being photo oxidized. This is done by applying layers of SiO2and Al2O3
http://www.autopia.org/forum/welcome-greeting-center/] ( [url) Authors Profile [/url]
Comprises both visible (UV-B) light and invisible (IR) infrared heat radiation, which represents part of the ultra violet solar spectrum (approximately 55%-60%). Organic (Carnauba) waxes or inorganic (polymer sealants or coatings) contrary to marketing myth do not contain natural ultra violet protection. Dependent on reflective value of the paint colour; surface reflection will provide some UV radiation protection along with some sacrificial protection as the wax or polymers breakdown.
The sun emits ultraviolet radiation in the (UV-A) long wave length (UV-B) medium wave length and (UV-C) short t wave length bands. The Earth`s ozone layer blocks 97-99% of this UV radiation from penetrating through the atmosphere. 98% of the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth`s surface is (UV-A) some of the (UV-B) and (UV-C) radiation is responsible for the generation of the ozone layer. Ultra violet (UV-B) radiation is known to contribute to the chemical modification of exposed paint surfaces resulting in loss of gloss, colour change, chalking, flaking and eventually destruction of the clear coat paint film.
The amounts of UV one is exposed to will vary with altitude. As a rule of thumb, UV levels increase about 4% for every 1,000 foot gain in altitude. This increase has nothing to do with being closer to the sun; any elevation you might gain would be miniscule in comparison to the distance from the earth to the sun, and so would have an insignificant outcome on UV levels. Instead, the increase is the result of a thinner atmosphere with a smaller number of molecules being present to absorb or scatter UV radiation.
Ultra violet radiation (UV-B) and environmental contaminant exposure leads to gloss and colour instability (photo degradation or photo-oxidation) and surface stains. But before UV light can cause harm, it must first be absorbed. If it is not turned into heat or transferred to a nearby stabilizer molecule called a quencher, it breaks weak chemical bonds. This is the beginning of UV damage. Some materials absorb UV radiation more readily than other materials. Materials that readily absorb (UV-B) radiation are quickly damaged...rubber, vinyls, gel coat fibreglass, and many other plastics.
When (UV-B) radiation is absorbed, it starts to break (cleave) weak chemical bonds, which leads to photochemical degradation (bleaching, (fading), discoloration, chalking, brittleness and cracking) all indications of UV deterioration. The bond cleavages resulting from UV absorption cause the formation of “radicals.” Each free radical can trigger a chain of reactions (in the presence of air), leading to more bond cleavages and destruction. These oxidising chain reactions require no further UV exposure, just the presence of air.
UV Radiation Protection Provided by Auto Glass
Glass tinting and UV film protection are important ways to reduce exposure to UV radiation, which are the primary focus of the glass tinting and film tinting industry.
While a car provides substantial shading, the glass areas do not block UV. And, as it is not uncommon to spend several hours a day in a car, the implications for skin problems are high. Further, damage to eyes from glare and direct UV increases the more people drive.
American federal laws on auto glass are based on visible light transmission. They allow only for a vehicle`s driver side and passenger side windows to be tinted up to 70% visual light transmission (VLT), which is also the normal factory tint found on most new cars. The focus on visible light transmission is driven by safety issues. The tint can be reflective which is dangerous to other drivers and/or can be dark to see through at night. If you do tint your car windows, you want to minimize UV transmission through the glass while allowing 70% or more visible light transmission.
Modern cars are being designed with inherent protection features, oordinary car window glass filters out about 97% of the (UV-B) radiation, the cause of photosynthesis (fading) and approximately 37% of (IR) infra red (heat) radiation, modern clear coat paint also contains UV inhibitors.
New car owners mistakenly believe their new vehicle cannot be damaged by sun exposure. Due to the ozone layer depletion (global warming) in our atmosphere, UV radiation strength is increasing. Protecting your vehicle from UV radiation damage continues to be a very important.
An organic wax, contrary to popular opinion, or marketing, does not contain natural UV protection; the wax protects the leaves due to its thickness and the fact that it’s opaque. It does however provide a sacrificial surface that will resist acid (salt brine, bird excrement, acidic rain, etc) better than a polymer, which forms a molecular bond with the paint, whereas a an organic wax forms a semi-hard protective shell (although it lacks durability)
The following are things you can do to provide protection-
• Use a polymer paint sealant product on your car several times each year. A carnauba wax, contrary to popular myth (or is it marketing BS) doesn’t contain inbuilt UV protection. This sacrificial protections effectiveness lasts for no more than 2-3 months.
• Use a vinyl and rubber protectant with UV inhibitors on all exterior vinyl and rubber twice a month.
• Protect fabric and leather upholstery and carpet (especially in a roadster) with a UV and stain blocker treatment twice a year.
• Use a sun shield in your windshield when parked outside.
• Cover your car when parked outside for extended periods.
Auto Sunshield – an ultra violet radiation shield perfectly fit your cars inside windshield to reduce heat build-up when parking in the sun. Each shield features an outer layer of reflective silver fabric sewn over a layer of heat insulating foam. The inside layer and all edges are soft felt to protect your car`s interior. Simply unfold, place against the windshield and pull down your car`s sun visors to hold the shield in place. When removed, the multiple panels’ accordion folds for easy storage
These simple measures will ensure your vehicle`s appearance has a chance of remaining in excellent condition for ten or more years. If you take no precautions, its appearance will noticeably deteriorate in less than five years
1. Infrared Radiation (IR)
Invisible infrared radiation (IR) represents part of the ultra violet solar spectrum (approximately 55%-60%)that will cause oxidation by drying out materials, like the paint (binder) resin system, the plasticizers in vinyl, moisture evaporation of leather and the elasticity of rubber causing these materials to dry out and become brittle and compromise their structural integrity
Dependent upon interior colour - at a 90.oF ambient; with a (Light) 104 - 135.oF or (Dark) 220 – 275.oF interior
Steering wheel – 160.oF - Dashboard 182.oF - Seats 165.oF (dependent upon colour and material) actual results may vary depending on time in sun, size of windows and direction of the suns Azimuth and the angle relevant to it that the car is parked.
Heat alone will not cause photo degradation (fading) although it will dry the resin (binder system) in paint; leading to oxidation. It will also dry out the oils and plasticizers in vinyl and other materials. It will dehydrate leather and may lead to structural damage (this is especially relevant to open top convertibles)
Modern cars are being designed with inherent protection features, ordinary car window glass filters out about 97% of the (UV-B) radiation, the cause of photo degradation (fading) and approximately 37% of (IR) infra red (heat) radiation, modern clear coat paint also contains UV inhibitors.
New car owners mistakenly believe their new vehicle cannot be damaged by sun exposure. Due to the ozone layer depletion (global warming) in our atmosphere, UV radiation strength is increasing. Protecting your vehicle from UV radiation damage continues to be a very important.
2. Ultra violet radiation (UV-B)
Short wave ultraviolet light (UV-B) is known to contribute to the chemical modification, photosensitise (fading) of outdoor exposed materials, resulting structural damage, loss of gloss, colour change, chalking, flaking and along with infrared heat radiation (UV-A) eventually the destruction of the clear coat paint film. Vehicle surfaces are also exposed to moisture, in the form of dew, with cycles of hot condensing humidity, which produce both thermal shock and erosion.
Ultra violet stabilizer - Ultra violet light (UV-B) radiation and environmental contaminant exposure leads to photo degradation of materials and surface staining. But before UV light can cause harm, it must first be absorbed. If it is not turned into heat or transferred to a nearby stabilizer molecule called a quencher, it breaks weak chemical bonds. This is the beginning of UV damage. Some materials absorb UV light more readily than other materials.
Be cognizant that ultra violet heat (UV-A) radiation can also affect the structural integrity of materials by drying out and therefore removing their elasticity and causing structural damage (cracking).
UV Protection
There is no such thing as a permanent UV stabilizer, it a matter of physics, not chemistry. Ultra violet protection is a sacrificial and therefore a renewable protection; this is due to the UV protection layer being degraded by exposure to the elements (sun, sand, road or sea salt, and etc) so it is imperative that you renew it and it needs to be re-applied on a regular 45 to 60 day basis (dependent upon location climatic condition)
Among the inorganic pigments, TiO2white is, by far, the most important one. The photo catalytic activity of TiO2leads to a rapid degradation of the organic binder matrix, so the surface of the TiO2particles has to be covered by an inorganic coating to prevent the matrix from being photo oxidized. This is done by applying layers of SiO2and Al2O3
http://www.autopia.org/forum/welcome-greeting-center/] ( [url) Authors Profile [/url]